Immunoproteins play a pivotal role in executing an immune response against foreign material in the body. Although the concentration of these proteins is at minimal levels at normal conditions, the levels increase 10 to 100 fold upon exposure to antigens. Various immunoproteins such as immunoglobulins, C reactive proteins, haptoglobin, prealbumin, free light chains and complement system proteins which mainly include C3 and C4 proteins are targeted for diagnosis of diseased condition.
Concentration of these proteins can be determined using technological platforms such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme based immunoassay, chemiluminescence assay, immunofluorescence assay, immunoturbidity assay, and immunoprotein electrophoresis. According to Transparency Market Research (http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/), a leading U.S.-based market research firm, the global immunoprotein diagnostic testing market was valued at USD 11,019.7 million in 2012 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2013 to 2019, to reach an estimated value of USD 15,351.0 million in 2019.
With the rising incidences of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, tuberculosis, malaria, and various viral infections, quick and confirmed diagnosis has been a prime need in hospitals and diagnostic centers worldwide. The rapid aging population will increase the number of individuals requiring medical attention in the near future exponentially. Moreover, prevalence of allergies and autoimmune diseases whose diagnosis is even more critical are also on the rise. This has increased the demand for accurate and quick diagnostic tests. To cater this need, biotechnology companies have developed rapid tests based various technology platforms for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and hormone related disorders.
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Chemiluminescence assays (CLIA) are becoming increasingly popular owing to accuracy and simple procedure. In Chemiluminescence assays, luminescence is produced by chemical reaction as against Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in which enzyme reaction products visible color. CLIA assays technology has also been employed in infectious disease testing, allergy testing, autoimmune disease testing, growth deficiency identification and cancer screening. Multiplex CLIA have also hit the market where in multiple analytes can be tested in a single assay cycle. CLIA technology has deep market penetration and is currently growing at a CAGR of 6.4% globally. The market growth is however restrained because of the resistance to upgrade technology especially in developing nations. Laboratory technicians are trained for ELISA procedures, whileexisting base of ELISA readers in hospitals and diagnostic laboratories has increased the cost of switching.
Key players in the immunoprotein diagnostic testing market are Abbott Laboratories, Siemens Healthcare, DiaSorin, The Binding Site, Roche Diagnostics, Randox Laboratories and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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